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With 5G networks being built around Australia and networking company Ericsson predicting that 40% of all connections will be 5G by the end of 2026, how does this new technology differ from our current 4G networks?
What is 4G and 5G?
4G and 5G are different generations of mobile technology – in fact, "generation" is what the "G" stands for. Each generation since 1G represents a big jump in capability, whether it be in speed or what it allows us to do with our phones and other devices.
What is the difference between 4G and 5G?
The major change that 4G brought was significantly faster data speeds compared to 3G mobile networks. Here are the three main ways 5G improves upon it:
Speed. In theory, 5G can reach max download speeds 20 times faster than a 4G connection. While real speeds may fall short of that, this will drastically improve the rate of data transmission.
Bandwidth. 4G networks can only handle about 4,000 devices in a square kilometre. 5G will be able to accommodate five times or more devices in the same space, allowing for more simultaneous streaming and interconnected "Internet of Things" devices inside homes and out of them.
Latency. Latency is a measure of how long it takes a signal to go somewhere and return. High latency leads to problems like long response delays during a video call. 4G has latencies in the tens of milliseconds, with 5G improving this to around 4 or 5 milliseconds. While this won't matter for most people, it does allow for advanced applications like remote surgery, self-driving cars and super-immersive VR experiences.
How much faster is 5G than 4G?
It's tricky to say exactly how much faster 5G will be than 4G, since that will depend on how the network is implemented where you live. Other factors such as signal strength, equipment and network congestion will affect your speed as well.
You can expect your 5G connection to be consistently faster than 4G where available, as outlined in the table below.
4G
5G
Maximum speed
100Mbps
20Gbps
Average speed in Australia
38.5Mbps
200Mbps
Time to download a 30- minute video (500MB)
1 min 44 seconds
20 seconds
Time to download a season of a podcast (300MB)
1 min 2 seconds
12 seconds
The average 5G speed in the table above is calculated from 2 individual speeds: 170Mbps from Optus and 231.8Mbps from Telstra.
5G vs 4G range
5G technology uses a higher frequency than 4G (think of a shrill dog whistle versus a bass drum) to achieve faster speeds. However, these higher frequencies can't travel as far as 4G signals can, requiring as many as 3 to 10 times more towers to make 5G work.
These "small cell" towers won't be as large as 4G towers, but will be placed much closer together.
How can I upgrade from 4G to 5G?
In order to connect to a 5G network, you'll need three things:
A 5G-capable device. Older phones don't have the right technology to work with 5G frequencies. Newer handsets, like the iPhone 12 or Samsung Galaxy S21, are being released with 5G capability.
A local 5G network. 5G is quite new in Australia. The fledgling 5G networks of Telstra, Optus and Vodafone are only available in a few select areas. It will likely take years for 5G networks to be widespread.
A compatible plan. Even if you've ticked both the boxes above, you won't get far without the right plan. Luckily, Vodafone, Optus and Telstra all have mobile plans that come with 5G access.
Can I use a 5G phone with a 4G network?
Yes. All 5G-capable phones are backwards compatible with 4G networks and should be for quite some years into the future if previous generations of mobile networks are anything to judge by. There's no practical downside to having a 5G-capable phone even if you don't have access to a local 5G network yet.
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Sam Baran is a writer for Finder, covering topics across the tech, telco and utilities sectors. They enjoy decrypting technical jargon and helping people compare complex products easily. When they aren't writing, you'll find Sam's head buried in a book or working on their latest short story. Sam has a Bachelor of Advanced Science from the University of Sydney.
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