How to lodge a business tax return

The process involved to lodge your tax return each year will depend on the type of business you have. Whether you are a sole trader, partnership, trust or a company, there are different methods for lodging a business tax return in Australia.

Some steps you will need to take to lodge your business tax return:

1. Work out which method of lodgement is best for your business
2. Pull together the relevant business information for your tax return
3. Collect other records of information such as payments received, invoices, and bank records
4. Document relevant deductions, such as business costs, expenses, and wages
5. Lodge your business tax return before the deadline

There may be other aspects to consider depending on your business structure. Let's take a look at the process to lodge your business tax return in Australia in more detail:

Step 1: Where to lodge a business tax return

The allowable methods for lodging a business tax return in Australia vary depending on the type of business you run:

Sole traders

Sole traders report their business income on their individual tax return, which can be lodged as follows:

• Online through the myTax portal
• With a registered tax agent
• As a hard copy

Partnerships, Trusts or Companies

If you operate your business as a partnership, you’ll need to lodge a partnership tax return in one of the following ways:

• Using standard business reporting (SBR) enabled software
• With a registered tax agent
• As a hard copy

Step 2: Pull together business information

The information and documentation you need to provide in your business tax return also varies depending on the type of business you have.

Sole traders

If you're a sole trader, the business income you earn is treated as your individual income. Once you have claimed a deduction for all allowable expenses, you must include all business income, along with any other income you have earned, on your individual tax return.

You will be required to lodge the following:

• A tax return for individuals, including the supplementary section.
• The business and professional items schedule for individuals.

You don't need to work out the amount of tax you are liable to pay as the ATO will do this for you once you have lodged your return. Any PAYG instalments you have paid during the income year will be automatically credited to you.

Partnerships

When you operate a business partnership, you will need to lodge a partnership tax return. This reports the partnership's net income, which is its assessable income minus any allowable expenses and deductions.

However, as an individual partner, you will also need to file an individual tax return and report the following:

• Your share of any partnership net income or loss. For example, if you hold a 30% partnership share, your share of the income or loss is 30%.
• Any other assessable income you have earned, such as salary and wages, dividends and rental income.

The partnership itself doesn't actually pay income tax on the income it earns. Instead, each partner must pay tax on their share of the net partnership income.

The partnership tax return needs to be lodged by the Australian resident partner with the highest individual interest in the partnership net income or loss. When there are partners with equal interests, any of those partners can lodge the return.

Trusts

If your business operates as a trust structure, you provide information as follows:

• The trustee lodges a trust tax return. You report the trust's net income or loss, which is its income minus any expenses and deductions.
• Each beneficiary of the trust lodges an individual tax return. You report any income you earn from the trust as a beneficiary, as well as any other assessable income, such as salary and wages, dividends and rental income.

Companies

Any business operated as a company has to lodge a company tax return detailing the following':

• Taxable income
• Tax offsets and credits
• PAYG instalments
• The amount of tax the company is liable to pay or the amount of refund it is owed

The company's income is separate from your personal income. This means that if you're a director of a company, you will still need to lodge an individual tax return to report your personal income.

Finder survey: How do people in Australia pay their taxes?

Step 3: Pull together relevant records

To complete your tax return, you will likely need records pertaining to the following:

• Copies of any payments received
• Invoices for any business expenses
• A list of debtors
• A list of creditors
• Bank records
• Employee and contractor details
• Any capital gains events (e.g. buying or selling business assets)

Step 4: Document relevant deductions

The list of tax deductions you can claim varies widely depending on the type of business you run. You are able to claim most business expenses as tax deductions to reduce your taxable income, but you cannot claim expenses that are of a private, domestic or capital nature. Allowable deductions for businesses generally include the following:

This is far from a comprehensive list of the expenses you may be eligible to claim as a tax deduction, so speak to your accountant for advice tailored to your business.

Step 5: Lodge your tax return by the deadline

The due date for business tax returns once again varies depending on your business structure:

Sole traders

If you lodge through myTax, your return is due by 31 October each year. If you lodge through a registered tax agent, the deadline for lodgement could be as late as May the following year. Your agent will be able to tell you the date by which your return must be completed, but you must be registered with an agent by 31 October.

Partnerships

If you choose to lodge the partnership tax return yourself, it must be lodged by 31 October. If you lodge through a registered tax agent, they’ll tell you when you can lodge.

Trusts

If you lodge the trust tax return yourself, it must be lodged by 31 October. If you lodge through a registered tax agent, they’ll tell you when you can lodge.

Companies

The due date for company tax returns you lodge yourself varies. It is generally 28 February, but you can find the deadline that applies to you on the ATO website. However, if you still have returns outstanding from previous years, the due date reverts to 31 October.

If you decide to lodge through a registered tax agent, your agent will tell you when to lodge.

Other things you need to know

Is my business tax return separate from my personal tax return?

Yes, unless you are a sole trader. Partnerships, trusts and companies all need to file separate partnership, trust and company tax returns, but sole traders only need to file one return to cover both their personal and business income.

If you’re a sole trader, all the business income you earn must be included with any other income and reported on your individual tax return. You are then solely responsible for any tax your business is required to pay.

What are the business tax rates?

Sole traders

Sole traders pay the same amount of tax as individual Australian taxpayers, and as such do not have to pay tax on the first $18,200 they earn; this is known as the tax-free threshold. The individual tax rates for the 2022-23 financial year are shown in the table below:

Resident tax rates 2022-23

Foreign resident tax rates 2022-23

Partnerships

A partnership does not pay tax on the profit it earns. Instead, each partner must pay tax on their share of the partnership profit at the individual tax rate. Check the table above for details of the current individual tax rates.

Trusts

Trust beneficiaries pay tax on their share of the trust’s income at the individual tax rate that applies to them. If there are any beneficiaries who are non-Australian residents or minors, the trustee pays tax on their behalf based on their share of the trust’s income.

Companies

There is no tax-free threshold for companies, so every dollar the company earns is taxed. The company tax rate for the 2022-23 income year is 30%, while small business entities are taxed at 27.5%.

Depending on your method of record keeping and whether your business makes use of digital accounting software, you may already have these records freely available.

Then it's a case of deciding whether to lodge your return yourself, or seek the assistance of a tax agent.

To choose a tax agent, go to our table above and click on the 'More' button to find out more about a provider, or click the green 'Go to Site'button to be securely redirected to a providers site.

Written by

Tim Falk

Writer

Tim Falk is a writer for Finder, writing across a diverse range of topics. Over the course of his 15-year writing career, Tim has reported on everything from travel and personal finance to pets and TV soap operas. When he’s not staring at his computer, you can usually find him exploring the great outdoors. See full bio

Co-written by

Rebecca Pike

Senior writer

Rebecca Pike is Finder's senior writer for money. She joined Finder after almost four years writing for business publications in the mortgage and finance industry, including three years as editor of Mortgage Professional Australia. She regularly appears as a money expert on programs like Sunrise and Today, as well as across radio and newspapers. She also holds ASIC-recognised certifications in Tier 1 Generic Knowledge and Tier 2 General Advice Deposit Products. See full bio

Rebecca's expertise

Rebecca has written 190 Finder guides across topics including:

• Home loans
• Cost of living
• Budgeting